The Macrocephali was a mythical tribe of long-headed humans.
Quote
Philostratus, Life of Apollonius of Tyana 3. 45-47 (trans. Conybeare) (Greek biographer C1st to C2nd A.D.) : "[The C1st A.D. prophet Apollonios of Tyana asked the Indian sage Iarkhos] about the Men who live Underground (anthropoi hypogen) and the Pygmaioi (Pygmies) also and the Skiapodes (Sciapods) (Shadow-foots); and larkhas answered his questions thus: ‘. . . As to men that are Skiapodes (Shadow-foots) or Makrokephaloi (Macrocephali) (Long-heads), and as to the other poetical fancies which the treatise of Skylax recounts about them, he said that they didn't live anywhere on the earth, and least of all in India.’"
Origin
Hesiod's fragment [Fr. 44], referring to Hippocrates [Airs, Waters, Places, XIV. 1-28] tells us that as soon as a child was born the people of this tribe remodeled its head with their hands, while it was soft and tender, and they forced it to increase in length by applying bandages and suitable appliances. Ancient Egyptian sculptures and wall paintings depict long-headed individuals like those described by Hippocrates.