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==Etymology== | ==Etymology== | ||
The modern Scandinavian names are derived from an | The modern Scandinavian names are derived from an Old Norse ''nykr'', meaning "river horse." Thus, likely the brook horse preceded the personification of the nix as the "man in the rapids". | ||
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If properly approached, he will teach a musician to play so adeptly "that the trees dance and waterfalls stop at his music"[http://www.sacred-texts.com/neu/celt/tfm/tfm056.htm Sacred-Texts.com] | If properly approached, he will teach a musician to play so adeptly "that the trees dance and waterfalls stop at his music"[http://www.sacred-texts.com/neu/celt/tfm/tfm056.htm Sacred-Texts.com] | ||
The enthralling music of the nix was most dangerous to women and children, especially | The enthralling music of the nix was most dangerous to women and children, especially pregnant women and unbaptised children. He was thought to be most active during Midsummer's Night, on Christmas Eve and on Thursdays. However, these superstitions do not necessarily relate to all the versions listed here, and many if not all of them were developed after the Christianizing of the Northern countries, as were similar stories of faeries and other entities in other areas. | ||
If you brought the nix a treat of three drops of blood, a black animal, some brännvin (Scandinavian | If you brought the nix a treat of three drops of blood, a black animal, some brännvin (Scandinavian vodka) or snus (wet snuff) dropped into the water, he would teach you his enchanting form of music. | ||
The nix was also an omen for drowning accidents. He would scream at a particular spot in a lake or river, in a way reminiscent of the | The nix was also an omen for drowning accidents. He would scream at a particular spot in a lake or river, in a way reminiscent of the loon, and on that spot a fatality would later take place. | ||
Some stories tell how the nix sings about his loneliness and his longing for salvation, which he purportedly never shall receive, as he is not "a child of God." In a poem by Swedish poet | Some stories tell how the nix sings about his loneliness and his longing for salvation, which he purportedly never shall receive, as he is not "a child of God." In a poem by Swedish poet Erik Johan Stagnelius, a little boy pities the fate of the nix, and so saves his own life. | ||
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==External links== | ==External links== | ||
* [http://runeberg.org/nfbt/0176.html "Näck"], an article on Näcken from [[Nordisk Familjebok]]. | * [http://runeberg.org/nfbt/0176.html "Näck"], an article on Näcken from [[Nordisk Familjebok]]. | ||
* [http://www.hf.uio.no/iks/ariadne/kulturhistorie/framesettogm.htm?teori_og_metode/teoribruk/nokken.htm A summary] in Norwegian of Jochum Stattin's dissertation ''Näcken : spelman eller gränsvakt?'' (ISBN 9138612801). | * [http://www.hf.uio.no/iks/ariadne/kulturhistorie/framesettogm.htm?teori_og_metode/teoribruk/nokken.htm A summary] in Norwegian of Jochum Stattin's dissertation ''Näcken : spelman eller gränsvakt?'' (ISBN 9138612801). | ||
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* [http://www.ststp.com/Archives/Scandinavian/Folklore/ Scandinavian Folklore] | * [http://www.ststp.com/Archives/Scandinavian/Folklore/ Scandinavian Folklore] | ||
Revision as of 19:33, 20 August 2006
The Scandinavian näcken, nøkken, strömkarlen, Grim or Fosse-Grim was a male water spirit who played enchanted songs on the violin, luring women and children to drown in lakes or streams.
Etymology
The modern Scandinavian names are derived from an Old Norse nykr, meaning "river horse." Thus, likely the brook horse preceded the personification of the nix as the "man in the rapids".
Description
Fossegrim and derivatives were almost always portrayed as especially beautiful young men, whose clothing (or lack thereof) varied widely from story to story. Fossegrim could show himself as a man playing the violin in brooks and waterfalls but also could appear to be treasure or various floating objects or as an animal; most commonly in the form of a "brook horse". Fossegrim and derivatives were almost always portrayed as especially beautiful young men, whose clothing (or lack thereof) varied widely from story to story.
Behavior
Not all of these spirits were necessarily malevolent; in fact, many stories exist that indicate at the very least that Fossegrim were entirely harmless to their audience and attracted not only women and children, but men as well with their sweet songs. Stories also exist wherein the Fossegrim agreed to live with a human who had fallen in love with him, but many of these stories ended with the Fossegrim returning to his home, usually a nearby waterfall or brook. Fossegrim are said to grow despondent if they do not have free, regular contact with a water source.
Powers / Weaknesses
If properly approached, he will teach a musician to play so adeptly "that the trees dance and waterfalls stop at his music"Sacred-Texts.com
The enthralling music of the nix was most dangerous to women and children, especially pregnant women and unbaptised children. He was thought to be most active during Midsummer's Night, on Christmas Eve and on Thursdays. However, these superstitions do not necessarily relate to all the versions listed here, and many if not all of them were developed after the Christianizing of the Northern countries, as were similar stories of faeries and other entities in other areas.
If you brought the nix a treat of three drops of blood, a black animal, some brännvin (Scandinavian vodka) or snus (wet snuff) dropped into the water, he would teach you his enchanting form of music.
The nix was also an omen for drowning accidents. He would scream at a particular spot in a lake or river, in a way reminiscent of the loon, and on that spot a fatality would later take place.
Some stories tell how the nix sings about his loneliness and his longing for salvation, which he purportedly never shall receive, as he is not "a child of God." In a poem by Swedish poet Erik Johan Stagnelius, a little boy pities the fate of the nix, and so saves his own life.
See also
External links
- "Näck", an article on Näcken from Nordisk Familjebok.
- A summary in Norwegian of Jochum Stattin's dissertation Näcken : spelman eller gränsvakt? (ISBN 9138612801).
- An article on Nøkken from Høgskolen Stord/Haugesund in Norwegian, with sources.
- Näcken, a poem by Stagnelius (in Swedish).
- The Watersprite, an amateur translation (no rhyme, no meter) of Stagnelius's poem.
- Manxnotebook
- Sacred-Texts.com
- Scandinavian Folklore
Bibliography
- Hellström, AnneMarie. (1985). Jag vill så gärna berätta.... ISBN 91-7908-002-2
- Karlsson, S. (1970). I Tiveden, Reflex, Mariestad.
- Haunted, Kelly Armstrong